Microplastic fibers affect dynamics and intensity of CO2 and N2O fluxes from soil differently

Microplastics and Nanoplastics

Table 2 Soil physical characteristics, cumulative CO₂- and N₂O emissions and fertilizer N losses by N₂O. Different superscript letters indicate significant differences (P < 0.05) within a response variable

Treatment	MWD	WSA	AP	Period	CO₂_mean	N₂O_mean	Fertilizer N losses
Treatment	mm	%	mm s⁻¹	days	mg CO₂-C core⁻¹	mg N₂O-N core⁻¹	% of applied N
MP-N-	1.7^b ± 0.0	44.8^b ± 1.7	2.3 ± 1.1	40	57.8^cd ± 4.6	2.2^bcd ± 1.0	2.2 ± 1.0
				18	32.1 ± 2.6	0.5^bd ± 0.1
				22	25.6^bd ± 3.7	1.7^bcd ± 1.3
MP + N-	1.9^a ± 0.0	59.7^a ± 3.6	7.5⁺ ± 1.6	40	61.0^cd ± 1.2	0.4^acd ± 0.1	0.4 ± 0.1
				18	30.5 ± 1.3	0.3^ac ± 0.0
				22	30.5^a ± 1.2	0.2^acd ± 0.1
MP-N+	1.7^b ± 0.1	44.1^b ± 3.6	2.7⁺ ± 0.2	40	69.0^ab ± 5.0	4.4^abd ± 1.9	10.0 ± 0.4
				18	30.6 ± 1.9	0.4^bd ± 0.0
				22	38.5^d ± 3.7	4.0^abd ± 0.5
MP + N+	1.9^a ± 0.1	58.3^a ± 2.3	3.1 ± 0.5	40	87.3^ab ± 10.4	3.5^abc ± 1.6	8.6 ± 0.4
				18	37.3 ± 6.7	0.2^ac ± 0.0
				22	50.0^abc ± 10.0	3.2^abc ± 0.6

+n < 4; WSA Water-stable macro-aggregates > 250 mm, MWD Aggregate mean weight diameter, AP Air permeability
p-value< 0.1, Fertilizer N losses are calculated based on 102 mg N fertilized through slurry application and 35 mg N through additionally applied urea, respectively