Table 2 Acute ecotoxicity of microplastic particles towards D. magna in the 48 h immobilisation assay
Application / Purpose | Polymer | Hypotheses for testing | Uptake | EC50 48 h | Result |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Selective Laser Sintering (SLS) and variations of the same polymer backbones | TPU_ester_arom | • Thermoplastic vs. cross-linked • Ester vs. Ether backbone • aromatic vs. aliphatic soft segment • foam vs. solid | Yes | > 1 g/L | No impact of linking, backbone, aromaticity, reactivity and state on D. magna toxicity |
TPU_ether_arom | Yes | > 1 g/L | |||
TPU_ester_aliph | Yes | > 1 g/L | |||
TPU_ether_aliph | Yes | > 1 g/L | |||
PU_binder_aromatic 1 C | Yes | > 1 g/L | |||
PU_binder_aromatic 2 C | Yes | > 1 g/L | |||
PU Foam | Yes | > 1 g/L | |||
PA-6 | • Size small vs. large | Yes | > 1 g/L | Size distribution had no impact on D. magna toxicity | |
PA-6 inhalable | Yes | ~ 1 g/L | |||
PA-12 | Yes | > 1 g/L | |||
Benchmark | HDPE_broad_distribution | • Size small vs. large • branching (LDPE vs. HDPE) | Yes | ~ 1 g/L | Different particle size and branching had no impact on D. magna toxicity |
LDPE 250 | Yes | > 1 g/L | |||
LDPE 80 | Yes | > 1 g/L | |||
PMMA (monodisperse) | • Broad size distribution vs. monodispers | Yes | > 1 g/L | Size distribution had no impact on D. magna toxicity | |
PMMA_broad_distribution | Yes | > 1 g/L | |||
Micronized Tire rubber | • Complex composition of additives (recycled tire) | Yes | > 1 g/L | Additive content had no impact on D. magna toxicity |