Table 1 Physical-chemical characteristic of microplastic particles used for SLS and the benchmark materials, respective hypotheses for testing, and tested organisms
Polymer (Purpose) | Hypotheses for testing | State | Size [geometric diameter detected by laser diffraction | Surface area (BET) [m2/g] | Impurities | Reactivity DMPOa Sample to blank ratio | Test organism | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Water (dH2O) | ADaM (D medium) | OECD (A medium) | ||||||||||
MW ± SD | > 3*SD Blank | MW ± SD | > 3*SD Blank | MW ± SD | > 3*SD Blank | |||||||
TPU_ester_arom (SLS) | Thermoplastic vs. cross-linked Ester vs. Ether backbone aromatic vs. aliphatic soft segment foam vs. solid | Powder | Dx10 (µm): 142 Dx50 (µm): 254 Dx90 (µm): 418 | 0.027 | -- | 1.02 ± 0.14 | no | 2.11 ± 0.91 | no | 1.05 ± 0.17 | no | A, D |
TPU_ether_arom (SLS) | Powder | Dx10 (µm): 128 Dx50 (µm): 246 Dx90 (µm): 413 | 0.030 | < 0,1% : Fe | 1.28 ± 0.38 | yes | 1.70 ± 0.12 | yes | 0.74 ± 0.02 | no | A, D | |
TPU_ester_aliph (SLS) | Powder | Dx10 (µm): 143 Dx50 (µm): 262 Dx90 (µm): 440 | 0.034 | < 0,1% : Si Sn | 1.37 ± 0.11 | yes | 1.46 ± 0.13 | yes | 0.92 ± 0.02 | no | A, D | |
TPU_ether_aliph (SLS) | Powder | Dx10 (µm): 152 Dx50 (µm): 267 Dx90 (µm): 442 | 0.033 | < 0,1% : Mg Si Cl Fe Bi | 1.45 ± 0.42 | yes | 1.55 ± 0.48 | no | 1.12 ± 0.07 | no | A, D | |
PU_binder_aromatic 1 C (stone composite on dykes) | Powder | Dx10 (µm): 82.8 Dx50 (µm): 200 Dx90 (µm): 354 | 0.1454 | 0,1–1% : Cl < 0,1% : Si Fe Ni Zn | -- | -- | 1.06 ± 0.32 | no | -- | A, D | ||
PU_binder_aromatic 2 C (stone composite on dykes) | Powder | Dx10 (µm): 77.2 Dx50 (µm): 201 Dx90 (µm): 368 | 0.1586 | 0,1–1% : Al Si K < 0,1% : S Cl Ca Fe | -- | -- | 1.13 ± 0.27 | no | -- | A, D | ||
PU Foam (insulation) | Powder | Dx10 (µm): 33.1 Dx50 (µm): 92.8 Dx90 (µm): 211 | 1.1833 | < 0,1% : Al Si P K Fe | 1.06 ± 0.12 | no | -- | -- | -- | D | ||
PA-6 (SLS) | Size small vs. large | Powder | Dx10 (µm): 13.7 Dx50 (µm): 42.2 Dx90 (µm): 75.3 | 0.366 | < 0,1% : Mg | 1.03 ± 0.09 | no | 1.13 ± 0.21 | no | -- | A, D | |
PA-6 inhalable (SLS) | Powder | -- | 1.85 | -- | 1.21 ± 0.04 | no | -- | -- | -- | D | ||
PA-12 (SLS) | Powder | In progress | 0.726 | 0,1–1% : Si < 0,1% : S Fe | 1.03 ± 0.05 | no | -- | -- | -- | D | ||
HDPE_broad_distribution (Benchmark) | Size small vs. large branching (LDPE vs. HDPE) | Powder | 0.2–9.9 μm (by manufacturer) | -- | -- | 1.17 ± 0.03 | no | 1.05 ± 0.38 | no | -- | A, D | |
LDPE 250 (Benchmark) | Powder | Dx10 (µm): 96.2 Dx50 (µm): 215 Dx90 (µm): 380 | 0.243 | < 0,1% : Fe | 1.07 ± 0.11 | no | -- | -- | -- | D | ||
LDPE 80 (Benchmark) | Powder | Dx10 (µm): 19.1 Dx50 (µm): 84.4 Dx90 (µm): 188 | 0.326 | < 0,1% : Fe | 1.2 ± 0.07 | no | 1.49 ± 0.42 | no | -- | D | ||
PMMA (monodisperse) (Benchmark) | Broad size distribution vs. monodispers | dispersion with 2.5 wt% solid content | 1–10 μm (by manufacturer) | 15.0 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | A, D | |
PMMA_broad_ distribution (Benchmark) | dispersion with 5 wt% solid content | 0.3 μm (by manufacturer) | 1.6 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | D | ||
Tire rubber (Benchmark) | Complex composition of additives (recycled tire) | Powder | Dx10 (µm): 61.7 Dx50 (µm): 130 Dx90 (µm): 233 | 0.298 | 1–10% : Si S Zn 0,1–1% : Ca Fe < 0,1% : Al Cl K Ti Co Cu Br | 1.03 ± 0.24 | no | 1.10 ± 0.07 | no | -- | D | |