Fig. 1
From: Environmental risks of car tire microplastic particles and other road runoff pollutants
PEC/PNEC ratios of selected substances in runoff water (a top) and solids (b bottom). Selected substances: tire wear microplastic particles (TWP_MP), benzo(a) pyrene (BaP), bisphenol A (BPA), di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), diisodecyl phthalate (DIDP), fluoranthene (Fl), hexa (methoxymethyl) melamine (HMMM), mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT), nonylphenol (NP), 4-tert-octylphenol (OP) and tolyltriazole (TT). The bar chart shows the average PEC/PNEC based on measured concentrations reported in literature, with the minimum and maximum values represented by the error bars. PEC and PNEC values are provided in Tables 1 and 3, respectively. The dashed horizontal line in the figure marks the threshold indicating unacceptable effects on organisms are likely to occur for PEC/PNEC ratio’s higher than 1